Dachshunds, with their distinctive long bodies and short legs, are beloved for their playful personalities and unwavering loyalty. But that unique physique also predisposes them to a number of health issues that prospective and current owners should be aware of. Understanding these potential problems will empower you to provide the best possible care for your sausage dog and ensure a long, happy, and healthy life.

Back Trouble: Why Dachshunds Are Prone to IVDD

Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is arguably the most concerning health issue for dachshunds. Because of their elongated spine, they are significantly more susceptible to disc degeneration and herniation. Think of it like this: the spine is made up of vertebrae separated by discs, which act as cushions. In dachshunds, these discs are prone to drying out and hardening earlier than in other breeds, making them more likely to rupture and press on the spinal cord.

What Happens When a Disc Herniates?

When a disc herniates, it puts pressure on the spinal cord, disrupting nerve signals. This can lead to a range of symptoms, from mild pain and weakness to complete paralysis. The severity depends on the location and extent of the herniation.

Spotting the Signs of IVDD:

Early detection is key to successful treatment. Be on the lookout for these warning signs:

  • Reluctance to jump or climb stairs: This is often the first indication that something is wrong.
  • Pain or stiffness in the neck or back: Your dachshund might whine or yelp when touched in certain areas.
  • Arched back or hunched posture: This is a sign of discomfort.
  • Weakness or wobbliness in the hind legs: This can progress to difficulty walking or standing.
  • Dragging of the hind paws: This is a serious sign that requires immediate veterinary attention.
  • Loss of bladder or bowel control: This indicates severe spinal cord compression.

Prevention and Management:

While you can't completely eliminate the risk of IVDD, you can take steps to minimize it:

  • Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight puts extra strain on the spine.
  • Use ramps or stairs: Help your dachshund avoid jumping, especially on and off furniture.
  • Provide supportive bedding: A comfortable bed can help alleviate pressure on the spine.
  • Avoid strenuous activities: Limit activities that involve twisting or bending the spine.
  • Consider chondroprotective supplements: Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate may help support joint health.
  • Regular veterinary check-ups: Early detection is crucial for successful treatment.

Treatment Options:

Treatment for IVDD depends on the severity of the condition. Options include:

  • Conservative management: This involves rest, pain medication, and anti-inflammatory drugs. It's typically used for mild cases.
  • Surgery: This is often necessary for severe cases to relieve pressure on the spinal cord.

Eye Issues: What to Watch Out For

Dachshunds are prone to several eye conditions, some of which can lead to blindness if left untreated. Here are a few of the most common:

  • Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): This is a degenerative disease that causes the retina to gradually deteriorate, leading to vision loss. Unfortunately, there is no cure for PRA, but genetic testing can help identify carriers and affected dogs.
  • Cataracts: Cataracts cause clouding of the lens, obstructing vision. While cataracts can occur at any age, they are more common in older dogs. Surgery is often an effective treatment option.
  • Glaucoma: This condition involves increased pressure inside the eye, which can damage the optic nerve and lead to blindness. Glaucoma can be painful and requires prompt treatment.
  • Dry Eye (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca): This occurs when the eyes don't produce enough tears, leading to irritation and inflammation. Treatment typically involves eye drops to lubricate the eyes and stimulate tear production.

Protecting Your Dachshund's Vision:

  • Regular eye exams: Have your dachshund's eyes checked by a veterinarian at least once a year.
  • Be aware of the symptoms: Watch for signs of eye problems, such as squinting, excessive tearing, redness, or cloudiness.
  • Prompt veterinary care: If you notice any eye problems, seek veterinary attention immediately.
  • Consider genetic testing: If you are considering breeding your dachshund, genetic testing can help identify carriers of PRA.

Obesity: A Common but Preventable Problem

Dachshunds are particularly prone to weight gain, which can exacerbate their back problems and increase their risk of other health issues. It's crucial to maintain your dachshund at a healthy weight.

Why Are Dachshunds Prone to Obesity?

  • Love of food: Dachshunds often have a strong appetite and can be prone to begging.
  • Relatively low activity levels: While they enjoy walks, dachshunds may not be as active as some other breeds.
  • Owner compliance: Those adorable eyes can persuade even the most resolute owner into giving extra treats.

The Dangers of Obesity:

  • Increased risk of IVDD: Excess weight puts extra strain on the spine.
  • Diabetes: Obesity can lead to insulin resistance and diabetes.
  • Heart disease: Excess weight puts extra strain on the heart.
  • Joint problems: Obesity can exacerbate arthritis and other joint issues.
  • Reduced lifespan: Obese dogs tend to live shorter lives.

Keeping Your Dachshund Slim and Trim:

  • Feed a high-quality diet: Choose a food that is specifically formulated for small breeds and is appropriate for your dachshund's age and activity level.
  • Measure food portions carefully: Don't overfeed! Use a measuring cup to ensure you are feeding the correct amount.
  • Limit treats: Treats should only make up a small portion of your dachshund's daily calorie intake.
  • Provide regular exercise: Take your dachshund for daily walks and provide opportunities for play.
  • Monitor weight regularly: Weigh your dachshund regularly and adjust food portions as needed.

Dental Disease: Keeping Those Pearly Whites Healthy

Dental disease is a common problem in all dogs, but dachshunds are particularly susceptible due to their small mouths and crowded teeth.

What is Dental Disease?

Dental disease starts with plaque buildup, which hardens into tartar. Tartar can irritate the gums, leading to gingivitis (inflammation of the gums). If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more serious condition that can damage the tissues and bones supporting the teeth, leading to tooth loss.

Preventing Dental Disease:

  • Brush your dachshund's teeth regularly: Ideally, you should brush your dachshund's teeth every day. Use a dog-specific toothbrush and toothpaste.
  • Provide dental chews: Dental chews can help remove plaque and tartar.
  • Feed a dry food diet: Dry food can help scrape away plaque and tartar as your dachshund chews.
  • Regular dental cleanings: Schedule professional dental cleanings with your veterinarian as recommended.

Skin Problems: Itchy and Uncomfortable

Dachshunds are prone to a variety of skin problems, including allergies, seborrhea, and acanthosis nigricans.

  • Allergies: Dachshunds can be allergic to food, pollen, dust mites, and other environmental allergens. Allergies can cause itching, redness, and skin infections.
  • Seborrhea: This is a skin condition that causes excessive production of sebum, an oily substance that can lead to greasy skin and a distinctive odor.
  • Acanthosis Nigricans: This is a skin condition that causes thickening and darkening of the skin, particularly in the armpits and groin area. It is more common in dachshunds with certain genetic predispositions.

Managing Skin Problems:

  • Identify and avoid allergens: If your dachshund has allergies, try to identify the allergens and avoid them.
  • Use medicated shampoos: Medicated shampoos can help relieve itching and inflammation.
  • Omega-3 fatty acid supplements: Omega-3 fatty acids can help improve skin health.
  • Veterinary care: Consult with your veterinarian to determine the best treatment plan for your dachshund's specific skin condition.

Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus): A Life-Threatening Emergency

While less common in dachshunds compared to larger, deep-chested breeds, bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus or GDV) is still a potential concern and a life-threatening emergency. Bloat occurs when the stomach fills with gas and then twists, cutting off blood supply to the stomach and other organs.

Recognizing the Signs of Bloat:

  • Restlessness and pacing: Your dachshund might seem agitated and unable to settle down.
  • Distended abdomen: The abdomen will appear swollen and hard.
  • Retching or attempts to vomit without success: Your dachshund will try to vomit but won't be able to bring anything up.
  • Excessive drooling: Drooling can be a sign of nausea.
  • Weakness and collapse: As the condition progresses, your dachshund will become weak and may collapse.

What to Do If You Suspect Bloat:

Bloat is a medical emergency! If you suspect your dachshund has bloat, take them to the nearest veterinary emergency clinic immediately. Time is of the essence!

Prevention:

  • Feed multiple small meals throughout the day: Avoid feeding one large meal.
  • Avoid exercise immediately before or after eating: Wait at least an hour before or after exercise.
  • Elevate the food bowl (controversial): While previously recommended, recent studies suggest that elevating the food bowl may actually increase the risk of bloat. Discuss this with your veterinarian.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • How long do dachshunds typically live? Dachshunds typically live between 12 and 16 years.
  • Are dachshunds prone to hip dysplasia? Hip dysplasia is less common in dachshunds than in larger breeds, but it can still occur.
  • Do dachshunds need special harnesses? Yes, harnesses that support the chest and avoid pressure on the neck are recommended to protect their backs.
  • How much exercise do dachshunds need? Dachshunds need at least 30 minutes of exercise per day, such as walks and playtime.
  • Are dachshunds good with children? Dachshunds can be good with children, but they need to be properly socialized and trained. They are not always tolerant of rough handling.

In conclusion, while dachshunds are predisposed to certain health problems, understanding these potential issues and taking proactive steps can help ensure your furry friend lives a long, happy, and healthy life. Remember to schedule regular veterinary check-ups and be vigilant about watching for any signs of illness.